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- Actress
- Music Department
- Soundtrack
Her father was a police lieutenant and imbued in her a military attitude to life. Marlene was known in school for her "bedroom eyes" and her first affairs were at this stage in her life - a professor at the school was terminated. She entered the cabaret scene in 1920s Germany, first as a spectator then as a cabaret singer. In 1923, she married and, although she and Rudolf Sieber lived together only 5 years, they remained married until his death. She was in over a dozen silent films in increasingly important roles. In 1929, she was seen in a Berlin cabaret by Josef von Sternberg and, after a screen test, captured the role of the cabaret singer in The Blue Angel (1930) (and became von Sternberg's lover). With the success of this film, von Sternberg immediately took her to Hollywood, introducing her to the world in Morocco (1930), and signing an agreement to produce all her films. A series of successes followed, and Marlene became the highest paid actress of her time, but her later films in the mid-part of the decade were critical and popular failures. She returned to Europe at the end of the decade, with a series of affairs with former leading men (she had a reputation of romancing her co-stars), as well as other prominent artistic figures. In 1939, an offer came to star with James Stewart in a western and, after initial hesitation, she accepted. The film was Destry Rides Again (1939) - the siren of film could also be a comedienne and a remarkable comeback was reality. She toured extensively for the allied effort in WW II (she had become a United States citizen) and, after the war, limited her cinematic life. But a new career as a singer and performer appeared, with reviews and shows in Las Vegas, touring theatricals, and even Broadway. New success was accompanied by a too close acquaintance with alcohol, until falls in her performance eventually resulted in a compound fracture of the leg. Although the last 13 years of her life were spent in seclusion in her apartment in Paris, with the last 12 years in bed, she had withdrawn only from public life and maintained active telephone and correspondence contact with friends and associates.- Alix of Hess-Darmstadt was born on June 8, 1872 in Darmstadt, Germany. Her parents were the Grand Duke and Duchess of Darmstadt; her mother was also the daughter of Queen Victoria. When Alix was still very young, her sister Mary and then her mother died of diphtheria. Also, her brother Frederick (1870-1873) died from a fall from a window in his mother's room, complicated by hemophilia. She spent much of her time in England, staying with her grandmother and various aunts, uncles and cousins. When she was older she continued in the role of Landsmutter (Mother of the land) for her father.
At the wedding of her sister Elizabeth (Ella) to their cousin Seril of Russia, Alix met for the first time (and fell in love with) the Tsarivitch Nicholas. Even thought she was in love with him she did not want to marry him because she did not want to give up her Protestantism to be Russian Orthodox. About 4 or 5 years after they first met Alix's brother Ernest got married to their first cousin nicknamed Ducky. Since both were cousins of Nicholas as well he went to the wedding to see Alex. During the time that he was there he continually asked her to be his wife, and thanks to their love as well as their cousin Kaiser William II Alex finally consented to marry Nicholas.
Alix spent the first part of her engagement with her grandmother Queen Victoria in England telling her everything that had transpired leading to the engagement. The rest of the engagement did not go so smoothly though. Several months after the engagement Nicholas's father became ill at one of his palaces in Russia. Alix hearing this got there as soon as she could, but shortly after she got there Nicholas became Tsar Nicholas II. After this tragedy Alix did not want to wait to become a member of the family. Shortly after the death of her future father-in-law Alix became a member of the Russian Orthodox Faith taking the name Alexandra Fyodorovna. She and Nicholas wanted to marry where they were, but family told them that they should get married after the funeral of his father in Moscow. Thus the people of Russia got their first glimpse of their future Empress through death.
They were married on November 26, 1894, shortly after the death of his father, and before 1901 had four daughters named Olga (1895-1918) Tatiana (1897-1918), Maria (1899-1918) and Anastasia (1901-1918). In 1904 Alix gave birth to a son Alexis (known as Alexei) and sadly he had hemophilia, which was passed on to her a sister and brother from their mother Princess Alice and grandmother Queen Victoria.
In 1917 Nicholas was forced to abdicate the throne of Russia. The people who would have accepted it if he had abdicated in favor of his son, did not understand why he abdicated in favor of his brother. He only did this because he knew that his son's chances of survival were not good.
He and his family were then imprisoned in Siberia, and later moved to Ekaterinburg, where on the night of July 17, 1918 the Russian royal family was massacred. In the 1990s the burial sites were investigated, although the bodies of the Tsarivitch Alexei and one of his sisters (it is unclear which one) were missing. Using DNA from HRH Prince Phillip, Duke of Edinburgh (Alix was his great-aunt) proved that four of the bodies belonged to the Tsarina and three of her daughters. - Her Grand Ducal Highness Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine was born on 11 March 1895 in Darmstadt, Grand Duchy of Hesse, German Empire [now Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany]. She died on 16 November 1903 in Skierniewice, Congress Poland, Russian Empire [now Skierniewice, Poland].
- Director
- Actor
- Writer
Wolfgang Liebeneiner was a German-Austrian film director, stage and film actor. He was born as Wolfgang Georg Louis Liebeneiner in Liebau, Lower Silesia, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire (now Lubawka, Poland). His father was in the textile business. Wolfgang was sent to the cadet schools in Wahlstatt (now Legnickie Pole) and Berlin-Lichterfelde, and went for further schooling to Berlin-Zehlendorf. After graduating, he studied philosophy, German studies and international history in Innsbruck (Austria), Berlin and Munich. He became a professor of the Economy Spielschar. From 1930 till 1934 he played at the capital's "Deutsches Theater". In 1935 he married actress Ruth Hellberg, but the marriage went on the rocks. From 1936 till 1944 he was a member of the "Preußisches Staatstheater" in Berlin. From 1938 to 1943 he was an art director at the Film Academy in Babelsberg (now district of Potsdam). In 1942 to 1945 he was leader of the UFA Studio. He usually played young lovers in about 20 films. He also had bit parts in films that he directed. Afterwards he also worked for TV films and series.
In 1944 he married Yugoslavian actress Hilde Krahl, whom he met during the filming of Yvette (1938). They have had two daughters, of which Johanna also became an actress. Wolfgang Liebeneiner died in Mödling near Vienna, Austria.- Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine was born on 24 May 1874 in Darmstadt, Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine, German Empire [now Hesse, Germany].
- Marija Karadjordjevic was born on 6 January 1900 in Gotha, Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, German Empire [now Thuringia, Germany]. She was married to King Alexander of Yugoslavia. She died on 22 June 1961 in London, England, UK.
- Dieter Wisliceny was born on 13 January 1911 in Regulowken, East Prussia, German Empire [now Mozdzany, Poland]. He died on 27 February 1948 in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia.
- Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands was born on 29 June 1911 in Jena, Grand Duchy of Saxony, German Empire [now Thuringia, Germany]. He was married to Queen Juliana. He died on 1 December 2004 in Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- Princess Alexandra of Hohenlohe-Langenburg was born on 1 September 1878 in Coburg, Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, German Empire [now Bavaria, Germany]. She was married to Ernst II, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg. She died on 16 April 1942 in Schwäbisch Hall, Württemberg, Germany [now Baden-Württemberg, Germany].
- Prince Hendrik of the Netherlands was born on 19 April 1876 in Schwerin, Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, German Empire [now Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany]. He was married to Queen Wilhelmina. He died on 3 July 1934 in The Hague, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands.
- Actress
- Soundtrack
Hella Kürty was born on 23 July 1900 in German Empire. She was an actress, known for Das Land des Lächelns (1930), Hotel Reserve (1944) and Tagebuch einer Kokotte (1929). She died on 7 November 1954 in London, England, UK.- Friedrich "Fritz" Saloman Perls was born to Amelia (Rund) and Nathan Perls. He grew up in a middle-class Jewish home, the youngest of three children and the only son. His sister, Grete Gutfreund, would remember him as a "wild child". The family life was always stormy and Fritz never got along with his father.
His early interests in philosophy, art, and theater influenced his later role as the chief evangelist for Gestalt therapy, which he would invent in the 1940s along with his wife, Laura Perls. Among the influences on him during his youth was Max Reinhardt, director of the Deutsche Theater in Berlin. Reinhardt impressed upon Perls the importance of non-verbal communications.
Perls was expected to follow his uncle into the practice of law, but he instead went to medical school, and after serving in the German Army in World War I, he became a neuropsychiatrist. In the 1920s, he underwent psychoanalysis with Karen Horney. He also worked as an assistant to Kurt Goldstein who treated and did research on brain-injured veterans. Goldstein was strongly influenced by Gestalt psychology and existentialism, and his integration of these ways of viewing human experience would influence Perls' approach to psychotherapy. Another assistant to Goldstein was psychologist Lore Posner, whom Perls married in 1930. (She would go by the name "Laura" after emigrating from Germany.) Perls subsequently became a psychoanalyst. His training and supervising analysts included Sandor Rado and Wilhelm Reich who both encouraged Perls to attend technical seminars where Reich taught character analysis, an approach that focused on the patient's current psychological state rather than on an analysis of complexes of which the patient might not be aware or ready to confront. Reich's approach dovetailed with Reinhardt's teaching by emphasizing the importance of non-verbal communication.
The Perlses fled Germany with the rise of the Nazis to power in 1933. After living in the Netherlands, they moved to South Africa where Perls would join the army during World War II, serving as a physician. There, too, Fritz and Laura wrote the book "Ego, Hunger, and Aggression," generally considered to be the beginning of what Perls would dub "Gestalt therapy". (Laura, who was never happy with that designation, is said to have written--without credit--two chapters of the book.)
Arriving in the United States in 1946, Fritz and Laura launched Gestalt therapy by founding an institute in their living room. They led an active social life and met many actors and writers, including poet, social critic, and amateur psychologist Paul Goodman. Perls' 1951 book, "Gestalt Therapy: Excitement and Growth in the Human Personality", was co-written with psychologist Ralph Hefferline and Goodman (who is said to have written much of the book based on Perls' notes). Perls founded other Gestalt institutes, first in Cleveland, Ohio, and then in other cities.
By 1960, Fritz and Laura not only were estranged, but their ways of practicing Gestalt therapy significantly diverged. Fritz used Reich's notions about body language in psychotherapy to observe behavior and encourage bodily expression, while Laura moved toward a more hands-on, body-oriented approach that was also influenced by Reich. (Her chief collaborator on this project was Fritz's former writing partner, Goodman.)
Perls left New York and lived in various cities including Miami, Los Angeles, Big Sur, California, and Vancouver. He had a girlfriend named Marty Fromm after (if not before) leaving his wife. He traveled widely, including to Japan where he briefly studied with a Zen Buddhist master. (Later he identified his religious affiliation as "Zen Judaist".) His primary activities became teaching and conducting workshops where he demonstrated Gestalt therapy to both professional and lay audiences.
He made several short films and participated in others, demonstrating his therapy in action.
Some of Perls' critics within Gestalt therapy consider that while brilliant, he settled for a cookie-cutter approach in his therapy demonstrations, which led critics outside of Gestalt to conclude that Gestalt therapy is little more than a bag of tricks rather than a coherent approach backed by a comprehensive psychological theory that could be used more widely than Perls' performances suggested.
His theatrical roots often showed in the often short films he made on his own or with others. He would spar verbally with those he counseled and even when he was too infirm to act dramatically himself, he was able to elicit drama from others. (See, for example, the 1970 short entitled "Memory Vs. Pride ".
While on a demonstration tour in 1970, he died in Chicago from heart disease complicated by pancreatic cancer . - Prince Of Hesse And By Rhine Louis was born on 20 November 1908 in Darmstadt, Grand Duchy of Hesse, German Empire [now Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany]. Prince Of Hesse And By Rhine was married to Margaret Campbell Geddes. Prince Of Hesse And By Rhine died on 30 May 1968 in Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, West Germany.
- Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse Georg Donatus was born on 8 November 1906 in Darmstadt, Grand Duchy of Hesse, German Empire [now Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany]. He was married to Princess Cecilie of Greece and Denmark. He died on 16 November 1937 in Ostend, Flanders, Belgium.
- Albrecht Mertz von Quirnheim was born on 25 March 1905 in Munich, Kingdom of Bavaria, German Empire [now Munich, Germany]. He was married to Hilde Baier and Charlotte Alice Kraudzun. He died on 21 July 1944 in Berlin, Germany.
- Werner von Haeften was born on 9 October 1908 in Berlin, German Empire [now Berlin, Germany]. He died on 21 July 1944 in Berlin, Germany.
- Queen Louise was born on 13 July 1889 in Schloss Heiligenberg, Seeheim-Jugenheim, Grand Duchy of Hesse, German Empire [now Hesse, Germany]. She was married to King Gustaf VI Adolf. She died on 7 March 1965 in Saint Göran Hospital, Stockholm, Stockholms län, Sweden.
- Actor
- Music Department
Adolf 'Eddy' Rosner was born on 26 May 1910 in Berlin, German Empire. He was an actor, known for Carnival Night (1956) and One Chance in a Thousand (1969). He was married to Ruth Turkow. He died on 8 August 1976 in Berlin, Germany.- Jakob Sporrenberg was born on 16 September 1902 in Düsseldorf, German Empire [now Germany]. He died on 6 December 1952 in Warsaw, Poland.
- Gustav Schickedanz was born on 1 January 1895 in Fürth, Kingdom of Bavaria, German Empire [now Bavaria, Germany]. He died on 27 March 1977 in Fürth, Bavaria, West Germany.
- Pavel Herbert was born on 20 April 1911 in Ellwangen, German Empire [now Germany]. He is an actor, known for Velbloud uchem jehly (1937).
- Friedhelm Riegel was born on 13 May 1935 in Düsseldorf, German Empire [now Germany].
- Director
- Cinematographer
Rudolf Breslauer was born on 4 July 1903 in Leipzig, German Empire. He was a director and cinematographer. He died on 28 February 1945 in Auschwitz-Birkenau Concentration Camp, Oswiecim, Malopolskie, Poland.- Grete Schickedanz was born on 20 October 1911 in Fürth, Kingdom of Bavaria, German Empire [now Bavaria, Germany]. She died on 23 July 1994 in Fürth, Bavaria, Germany.
- Actor
- Additional Crew
Gregor Gog was born in 1891 in German Empire. He was an actor, known for The Struggle (1936) and Vagabund (1930). He died on 22 September 1945 in Tashkent, Uzbek SSR, USSR [now Uzbekistan].- Augustin Souchy was born on 28 August 1892 in Ratibor, German Empire.
- Lucjana Bracka was born on 7 September 1897 in Posen, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire [now Poznan, Wielkopolskie, Poland]. She was an actress, known for Kariera (1955), Szczesciarz Antoni (1961) and Wyrok (1962). She died on 4 January 1966 in Warsaw, Warszawskie, Polish People's Republic [now Warsaw, Mazowieckie, Poland].
- Karl Gero von Urach was born on 19 August 1899 in Lichtenstein, Kingdom of Württemberg, German Empire [now Baden-Württemberg, Germany]. He was married to Gabriele of Waldburg zu Zeil und Trauchburg. He died on 15 August 1981 in Lichtenstein, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany.
- Kurt Schumacher was born on 13 October 1895 in Kulm, West Prussia, German Empire. He died on 20 August 1952 in Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
- Zbigniew Bessert was born on 20 April 1913 in Posen, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire [now Poznan, Wielkopolskie, Poland]. He died on 7 November 1992 in Bialystok, Bialostockie, Poland.
- Josef Klehr was born on 17 October 1904 in Langenau, Province of Silesia, German Empire [Now Langenau, Baden-Württemberg, Germany]. He died on 23 August 1988 in Leiferde, West Germany.
- Ulrich Graf was born on 6 July 1878 in Bachhagel, Kingdom of Bavaria, German Empire [now in Bavaria, Germany]. He died on 3 March 1950.
- Kraft Hohenlohe-Oehringen was born on 16 March 1892 in Dresden, Kingdom of Saxony, German Empire [now Saxony, Germany]. He was an actor, known for A Difficult Life (1961). He was married to Nina Hohenlohe-Oehringen. He died on 2 September 1965 in Rome, Lazio, Italy.
- Music Department
Wilhelm Stephan was born on 19 February 1906 in Lüneburg, German Empire [now Germany]. He is known for High Crimes (2002), Abschiedsvorstellung (1955) and Premiere im Metropol (1955). He died on 25 April 1994 in Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.- Vera Mrázkova was born on 31 May 1944 in Lüneburg, German Empire [now Germany]. She is an actress, known for Pearls of the Deep (1965).
- Herzog Adolf Friedrich von Mecklenburg was born on 10 October 1873 in Schwerin, Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, German Empire [now Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany]. He was married to Elisabeth of Stolberg-Rossla and Viktoria Feodora of Reuss-Schleiz. He died on 5 August 1969 in Eutin, Schleswig-Holstein, West Germany.
- Eduard von und zu Liechtenstein was born on 2 September 1872 in Laibach, Kingdom of Württemberg, German Empire [now Baden-Württemberg, Germany]. He was an actor, known for Johann Strauß an der schönen blauen Donau (1913). He was married to Olga von Puckler und Limpurg. He died on 8 March 1951 in Monte Carlo, Monaco.
- Henning von Tresckow was born on 10 January 1901 in Magdeburg, Province of Saxony, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire [now Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany]. He was married to Erika von Falkenhayn. He died on 21 July 1944 in Królowy Most, German-occupied Poland [now Królowy Most, Poland].
- Eleonore of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich was born on 17 September 1871 in Lich, Grand Duchy of Hesse, German Empire [now Hesse, Germany]. She was married to Ernest Louis. She died on 16 November 1937 in Ostend, Flanders, Belgium.
- Prince Heinrich of Prussia was born on 9 January 1900 in Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, German Empire. He died on 26 February 1904 in Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, German Empire.
- Alexandra Beatrice of Hohenlohe-Langenburg was born on 2 April 1901 in Langenburg, Kingdom of Württemberg, German Empire [now Baden-Württemberg, Germany]. She died on 26 October 1963 in Langenburg, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany.
- Karen Horney was born on 16 September 1885 in Blankenese, Schleswig-Holstein, Prussia, German Empire (now Blankenese, Hamburg, Germany). She died on 4 December 1952 in New York City, New York, USA.
- Hans Langsdorff was born on 20 March 1894 in Bergen auf Rügen, Pomerania, German Empire [now Bergen auf Rügen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany]. He was married to Ruth. He died on 20 December 1939 in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Director
- Actor
- Second Unit Director or Assistant Director
Uwe Jens Krafft was born on 23 December 1878 in Kiel, German Empire. He was a director and actor, known for Die Herrin der Welt 4. Teil - König Macombe (1919), Das Buch Esther (1919) and Die Herrin der Welt 5. Teil - Ophir, die Stadt der Vergangenheit (1920). He died on 12 December 1929 in Berlin, Germany.- Fritz Grobba was born on 18 July 1886 in Gartz, Pomerania, German Empire [now Germany]. He died on 2 September 1973 in Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
- Producer
- Production Manager
- Writer
Hans Herbert Ulrich was born on 13 March 1886 in Freiburg in Schlesien, Silesia, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire [now Swiebodzice, Dolnoslaskie, Poland]. He was a producer and production manager, known for Frau Sylvelin (1938), Der Schimmelkrieg in der Holledau (1937) and The Hunter of Fall (1936). He died in 1971 in Munich, Bavaria, West Germany [now Germany].- Princess Sibylla was born on 18 January 1908 in Gotha, Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, German Empire [now Thuringia, Germany]. She was married to Prince Gustaf Adolf. She died on 28 November 1972 in Stockholm, Stockholms län, Sweden.
- Jerzy Szczawinski was born on 12 November 1917 in Ruda k/Wielunia, Government General of Warsaw, German Empire [now Ruda, Wielunski, Lódzkie, Poland]. He died on 19 December 1988 in Katowice, Katowickie, Polish People's Republic.
- Kilian Koll was born on 22 October 1898 in Barmen, Rhine Province, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire. He was a writer, known for Furlough on Parole (1938) and Urlaub auf Ehrenwort (1955). He died in May 1945 in Berlin, Germany.
- Georg Vogelsang was born on 15 May 1883 in Munich, Bavaria, German Empire. He was an actor, known for Das Geheimnis von Schloß Elmshöh (1925), Wer bist du, den ich liebe? (1949) and Die Sehnsucht des Herzens (1951). He died on 21 December 1952 in Schliersee, Bavaria, Germany.